Hammertoe is a deformity that causes the toe to curl down instead of pointing straight forward. This deformity can affect any toe, but most commonly affects the second or third toe. Hammertoe may be present from birth, but usually develops later on over time due to diseases such as arthritis or wearing tight-fitting shoes. Hammertoe condition is usually treatable, and some cases do not require any medical intervention if no pain or dysfunction is involved. Risk factors that can increase your likelihood of developing a hammertoe include family history, calluses or corns, bunions, or wearing tight or too-small shoes. Repeatedly wearing shoes that are too small in the toe area can force the toe joint into an abnormal position over time, increasing chance of developing a hammertoe. Shoe insoles and properly fitting shoes can help reduce symptoms of a hammertoe by shifting the position of the affected toe(s). Surgical intervention is usually required to gain full movement of the hammertoe, re-position the toe, realign tendon/joints, and remove deformed or injured bone if necessary.